What is Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)?

ITBS is due to inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of fibrous tissue that runs down the outside of the leg.

The iliotibial band begins at the hip and extends to the outer side of the shin bone (tibia), just below the knee joint. The band functions in coordination with several of the thigh muscles to provide stability to the outside of the knee joint.

The iliotibial band should facilitate a smooth gliding motion. However, when inflamed, the iliotibial band does not glide easily and pain associated with movement is the result.

Symptoms of ITBS

The function of the iliotibial band is both to provide stability to the knee and to assist in flexion of the knee joint. When irritated, movement of the knee joint becomes painful.

Usually the pain worsens with continued movement and resolves with rest.

Common symptoms of ITBS include:

• pain over the outside of the knee joint
• swelling at the location of discomfort
• a snapping or popping sensation as the knee is bent.

Treatment of ITBS

Treatment of iliotibial band syndrome begins with efforts to control the inflammation.

Rest

If the problem is very acute and severe, often one week of rest will allow the symptoms to settle. Otherwise, you should participate in activity as comfort allows.

Ice

Ice (or cold therapy), applied to the knee, particularly following sport or activity, may help reduce pain and inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory medications

Anti-inflammatory medications are frequently recommended to help relieve inflammation around the iliotibial band.

Rehabilitation

Once the acute symptoms are controlled, patients should work with their physiotherapist to increase flexibility and strength of the hip and knee.

Most rehabilitation protocols focus on both hip and knee function, as the iliotibial band requires proper mechanics of both of these joints for normal function.